793.

الشرح

Core Concept: Neonatal hemodynamics differ significantly from older children and adults. A newborn's cardiovascular system is adapted to lower systemic vascular resistance after the transition from fetal circulation.

Clinical Presentation:

• Normal physiological state in a healthy term neonate.

Diagnosis:

• *First-line:* Blood pressure measurement via oscillometric cuff or arterial line in sick neonates.
• *Gold Standard:* Invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring for critically ill neonates.

Management:

• *Acute:* Recognize that a normal systolic blood pressure for a term newborn ranges from *60 to 80 mmHg*.
• *Definitive:* Routine monitoring; investigate and treat with fluids or inotropes if systolic BP drops below 60 mmHg (hypotension) or exceeds normal limits.