Medical-Surgical Nursing
A patient complains of pain when standing upright hump on the upper back.
In the past year slightly shorter. The doctor has suggested tests to What is the best appropriate intervention?
الشرح
Core Concept: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and quality, leading to fragility fractures, loss of height, and kyphosis (dowager's hump).
Clinical Presentation:
- Back pain, loss of height over time, stooped posture (kyphosis), and bone fractures from minimal trauma.
Diagnosis:
- *First-line:* Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to measure bone mineral density.
- *Gold Standard:* DEXA scan showing a T-score ≤ -2.5.
Management:
- *Acute:* Pain management for fractures and postural support.
- *Definitive:* Instruct the patient in the use of vitamins (specifically Calcium and Vitamin D supplements), weight-bearing exercises, and bisphosphonates to inhibit bone resorption.